C_TA_Website/source/_posts/answer2.md

---
title: 第二次作业（答案）
mathjax: true
date: 2020-10-30 10:35:37
tags:
---


# P82-6

```C
#include <stdio.h>

#define OFFSET 4

int main()
{
    char c1 = 'C',
         c2 = 'h',
         c3 = 'i',
         c4 = 'n',
         c5 = 'a';

    c1 += OFFSET;
    c2 += OFFSET;
    c3 += OFFSET;
    c4 += OFFSET;
    c5 += OFFSET;

    /* 使用putchar()输出 */
    putchar(c1);
    putchar(c2);
    putchar(c3);
    putchar(c4);
    putchar(c5);

    /* 使用printf()输出 */

    printf("%c%c%c%c%c", c1, c2, c3, c4, c5);

    return 0;
}
```

# P82-7

圆半径 $r = 1.5$ ，圆柱高 $h = 3$ ，分别用变量`radius`和`height`存储。圆的周长 $P_{\mathrm{circle}} = 2 \pi r$ ，用变量`circle_perimeter`存储；圆的面积 $A_{\mathrm{circle}} = \pi r^{2}$ ，用变量`circle_area`存储；圆球表面积 $A_{\mathrm{sphere}} = 4 \pi r^{2}$ ，用变量`sphere_area`存储；圆球体积 $V_{\mathrm{ball}} = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^{3}$ ，用变量`ball_volume`存储；圆柱体积 $V_{\mathrm{cylinder}} = \pi r^{2} h$ ，用变量`cylinder_volume`存储。

在这个程序中用到了`M_PI`，相关内容请见：[Math Constants](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/math-constants?view=vs-2019)，[19.1 Predefined Mathematical Constants](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Mathematical-Constants.html)。

```C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <math.h>

int main()
{
    printf("This program calculates the perimeter and area of the circle, ");
    printf("the area and the volume of the ball, and the volume of the cylinder.\n");

    double radius, height;
    /* 检查用户输入是否合法 */
    printf("Please input the radius: ");
    if (scanf("%lf", &radius) != 1 || radius <= 0) {
        printf("Invalid input!\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Please input the height: ");
    if (scanf("%lf", &height) != 1 || height <= 0) {
        printf("Invalid input!\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    double circle_perimeter = 2 * M_PI * radius;
    printf("The perimeter of the circle is %.2f\n", circle_perimeter);

    double circle_area = M_PI * radius * radius;
    printf("The area of the circle is %.2f\n", circle_area);

    double sphere_area = 4 * M_PI * radius * radius;
    printf("The area of the sphere is %.2f\n", sphere_area);

    double ball_volume = 4.0 / 3.0 * M_PI * radius * radius * radius;
    printf("The volume of the ball is %.2f\n", ball_volume);

    double cylinder_volume = M_PI * radius * radius * height;
    printf("The volume of the cylinder is %.2f\n", cylinder_volume);

    return 0;
}
```

# P82-8

```C
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char c1 = getchar();
    char c2 = getchar();

    putchar(c1);
    putchar(c2);
    printf("%c%c", c1, c2);

    /* 打印ASCII码 */
    printf("%d%d", c1, c2);

    return 0;
}
```

1. 二者皆可。
2. 可以用`printf("%d", c1);`这种方式来输出它们的ASCII码。
3. 不可以。两者占用的内存空间不同，表示的数的范围不同。`char`类型是不是有符号类型，视实现而定。

# 温度转换

```C
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
    printf("Please input the temperature (in fahrenheit): ");

    double degree_f;
    if (scanf("%lf", &degree_f) != 1) {
        printf("Invalid input!\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    double degree_c = (degree_f - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0;

    printf("%.1f degree fahrenheit equals to %.1f degree celsius.\n", degree_f, degree_c);

    return 0;
}
```